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I'm a social psychologist, and my home base is in Conversation
Analysis. That's the very close and painstaking study of interaction (of any sort: talking to the doctor, say, or arguing with your daughter, or 'just chatting'). Talk does things; Conversation Analysis uncovers what, and how.
I started out as a traditional sort of social psychologist, earning my PhD stripes at the excellent (but now sadly defunct) MRC Social and Applied Psychology Unit
at Sheffield University. But something was gnawing at me even as I was
plotting my experiments and shuffling through my response sheets. What did people's answers to my "response items" mean? (They
weren't even questions in the ordinary sense, which really ought to
have rung alarm bells). Why was I asking people these abstract
questions anyway? Why not actually go and see what they were doing?
Well, it turned out that watching and recording what people did
in everyday life wasn't really the done thing among psychologists at
the time (- not much has changed, I regret to say). Desperate to join
(what they thought was) the scientific crowd, psychologists were busy,
as I had been, bringing people into the laboratory and more or less
beating the everyday life out of them. |
What, then, to do? I began to hear about a mysterious
procedure called 'discourse analysis' which seemed to be about 'speech
acts'. Now here was something which promised to be about everyday life
- people actually talking to each other, with nary a psychologist in
sight - where things happened (promises made, jobs offered, laws
passed). I came across the pioneering Discourse and Social Psychology by Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell. Marvellous!
A bit later I was drawn, as many ex-discourse analysts worried
about a bit too much theory and a bit too little actual observation, to
the extraordinary world opened up by the sociologist Harvey Sacks. His posthumous Lectures on Conversation
were a jaw-dropping mix of people-watching and hard-nosed,
scientific-as-you-like detailed analysis of everyday life. They still
are - if you can find a copy, do have a look in it.
Of course surveys and experiments have their place in social
psychology. But if you want to go where the action is - what people do
with each other, for each other and to each other - then there's no
real substitute for taking your camera out and recording them. Bring
the tapes back, pull up a chair, and look carefully: social life is exquisitely choreographed,
and one of the psychologist's most rewarding jobs is to understand the
steps in the dance, and how it swirls people around the stage.
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